One Stair Up free essay sample

The text presented for analysis is an extract from the story â€Å"One Stair Up† by Campbell Nairne, dealing with the everyday life of average working-class family. The extract gives the readers a dynamic episode of their day-to-day experiences, providing them with an opportunity to observe the relationships both between the members of the family and between them and the society. Throughout the whole story we perceive the characters mostly by means of their internal monologues – implicit characterization. We never find their physical traits described, which is another instrument helping readers portray the couple for them and try walking in the protagonists’ shoes. We explore only their inner world, knowing nothing about the outer, and it doesn’t prevent the characters from being round and full-blooded. The main message of the fragment is implicit conflict of the real and unreal worlds. The text combines descriptive and narrative elements, with the actions both performed by the main characters and originating from their surroundings, which interacts with our characters to highlight their individual reactions and attitudes. We will write a custom essay sample on One Stair Up or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The extract places our characters in a modeled environment – a cinema theatre used to expose all the aspects their characters, when observed in an unfamiliar surroundings, as the theatre isn’t their natural habitat. The major part of the introduction is devoted to the depiction of the illusionary world the characters enter – both through audial and visual imagery – they were â€Å"treading without sound on a †¦ carpet †¦ that yielded like †¦ turf†, going through â€Å"a dim region of luxury†, which was â€Å"quite still† except for small sounds of â€Å"a tea-spoon chink, a cup grate on a saucer, a voice rise above another voice and sink again into voluptuous silence†), which implicitly reinforces the idea of metaphorical ascension, since the earthly sound briefly rise to their level and disappear below again. The visual part of the imagery is strongly connected with the lighting. The characters enter â€Å"a hot darkness lit here and there by red lamps and speared †¦ by a shaft of white light falling on †¦ the screen†. The description makes the screen the focal point – the single clear point in the obscure world of the cinema theatre. One of the distinguishing features of the extract is the prolonged exposition part used to describe interior of the theatre they visit and highlight the contraposition of the personal world of the couple and the cinema world. The image creation starts wit the very first sentence, where the characters go â€Å"up a short marble staircase†, which gives us an allusion to â€Å"Jacob’s ladder† with the couple ascending from mortal world to more perfect world (the world of dreams). The image of â€Å"another world† is maintained and reinforced throughout the exposition part by using trite metaphors and descriptive elements creating the atmosphere of illusionary world refusing to accept the characters fully (â€Å"yielded like spring turf†, â€Å"quite still† â€Å"dim region of luxury†; â€Å"a girl †¦ silently emerged†, â€Å"lit here and there†, â€Å"came †¦ out of shadow†). The complication part begins with the first interaction between the main characters (Rosa’s question â€Å"This a comedy? †), where the tone for the development of the story is set. Now our attention is fully devoted to the leading characters, depicted skillfully by the author. The effect is achieved by placing Rosa’s and Andrew’s behaviors in subtly described opposition. Internal monologues let us see the thought patterns of both the main characters. Rosa’s first actions inside the hall give us an insight of her personality. She â€Å"surveyed the dim amphitheatre in hope of recognizing some of her acquaintances†. Only after that she â€Å"looked for the first time at the screen†. The verb â€Å"to survey†, usually used, when scientific problems are discussed, implicitly describes her as a logical and calculating person, who came to the cinema with a selfish purpose in mind – to be seen in public with her new boyfriend, because it â€Å"pleased her to be seen in the dress circle, even with Andrew†. Rosa asks the question to demonstrate that she’s interested in the film, while she actively looks for someone to show off to. Andrew, on the contrary, pays no attention to the people around him and his words and thought are only about the fictional story he is to enjoy (â€Å"the awful temptation to explain the story in a whisper when he fancied he saw the end of it†). Andrew is portrayed in different colours. Right when they entered the hall, he huskily thanked the service girl. He then politely asked Rosa, if she could see the screen, and, upon receiving her nod, he â€Å"risked no further inquiries† because he was â€Å"forbidden to talk to her in a cinema†. This shows him as an obedient and submissive person, he obeys Rosa like a child obeys parents. Andrew’s childish persona also shows when he has to â€Å"resist that awful temptation to explain the story in a whisper when he fancied he saw the end of it†. His use of elliptic sentences also doesn’t fit the image of an adult person. Those sentences (â€Å"No bored, are you? †) and lower style lexical units (â€Å"It’s hot stuff, isn’t it? †) belong to colloquial speech and indicate that he has no aristocratic background – he belongs to the working class. A noteworthy episode of the story is the description of the advertisement seen before the main film. The author mixes the quotations from an advertisement with his own remarks, which are even more swelling and exaggerative than the advertisement itself. He says â€Å"The film seemed to have smashed all records†, and we have to doubt deeply, whether he is speaking frankly. The signature conflict of the story is clearly expressed in the author’s characterization of the film, where the fictional story is said to be â€Å"tingling with reality†. An important feature of the story is that the moment the screen lights up, Rosa disappears from the narration entirely and we only see and hear everything through Andrew. By this the author explicitly shows that Rosa is in no way related to the illusionary cinema world, that she can never enter it. Even the over-the-top advertisement, filled with such stylistic devices as hyperbole to bring out the author’s ironical attitude towards such films leave her detached, only perhaps mildly irritated. All these moves are used to bring to us, the readers the idea that Rosa and Andrew are mirrored opposites, with him being â€Å"a big †¦ kid† and her – a dried-up and irritable person. (â€Å"is he really so stupid†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ). The two heroes are faced with the problem of misunderstanding. The gradation follows the rein, further escalating the external conflict between the personalities of Rosa and Andrew, with him absorbing himself in the film action and her becoming more and more irritated with the film plot and jokes and Andrew’s reaction. Her irritation grew and the inner conflict turned into an external one. The culmination takes place when Andrew breaks out, â€Å"forgetful in his excitement†. Full of delight, he wants to share his impressions with Rosa, but meets only cold misunderstanding. The denouement comes with Rosa uttering several harsh remarks. The author uses metonymy to show the effect her words had on Andrew: â€Å"all the joy died out of his face and eyes†. According to the old saying, â€Å"words can kill you†, and the person killed was Andrew’s inner child. Denouement includes Andrew’s stuttering excuses and Rose’s attempts to make up for her harshness. We can see that she acts on the saying that â€Å"a lean peace is better than a fat victory†. In the given fragment the author uses a wide range of stylistic devices. Here are examples of epithets (â€Å"voluptuous (stillness)†, â€Å"rapid-fire (drama)†, â€Å"soft (whirring)†, â€Å"hot (darkness)†), metaphors (â€Å"a shower of stars†, â€Å"a shaft of white light†), metonymy â€Å"young bloods†, simile (â€Å"a carpet that yielded like springing turf†). He also exploits ellipsis â€Å"This a comedy? †, â€Å"You see all right? † to imitate the colloquial language and to show the low education level of the speakers. To render the peculiarities of the thought stream, he uses simple syntactical constructions, many one-member nominative sentences (â€Å"Custards all over the place†, â€Å"Oh, yes, a stick of dynamite. ), rhetorical questions (â€Å"Where was it going to put that? †), and exclamatory sentences (â€Å"Oh, this was good†! ). Personification is used throughout the text (â€Å"pot-plants and palms leapt up†). The extract I thought   it was quite funny, you know — I mean, people laughed. I wasnt the only one. But if you dont like it — is especially remarkable. It sounds unconnected, the same idea is repeated twice (â€Å"I thought †¦ I mean†). The speech is interrupted: hesitation pauses are shown with the help of the dashes. Evidently, poor Andrew had a lack of words. Moreover, aposiopesis is used. All these expressive means show us how great was the extent of the boy’s confusion, and unwillingly the reader’s heart fills with sympathy for him. No doubt, the author has a fine and remarkable style, everything seems to reflect the feelings of the heroes, and as a result, the events emerge in our mind in the most realistic way. The reader is immersed deeply into the life of those two â€Å"young bloods†: readers perceive the world through their eyes and put themselves into the characters’ shoes.

TOEFL Essay Sample - How to Choose One

TOEFL Essay Sample - How to Choose OneMany students are now working on their TOEFL test taking essays and a TOEFL essay sample. The TOEFL is an English language test, which is recognized by many professional associations and universities around the world. This TOEFL test is known as the College Board International English Language Test.Many professionals now have the option of taking this exam as it does not just give the student a set amount of time to pass the test, but it also allows you to find out exactly what type of English that you should be learning. It also tells you about your weaknesses and what type of English your are most likely to want to correct. A TOEFL essay sample will help you make the right choices when it comes to your TOEFL essay. In this piece, we will discuss how to choose a TOEFL essay sample, how to format it properly, and how to make sure that you can study with it on your test day.If you have ever had any experience in writing or marketing, you may have come across article writers who use lists to do their research and to put together their articles. These writers will often gather around tables to sit down and work out how they can make their topic sound even more interesting. The TOEFL is no different in that regard. It may look like a list but it is actually made up of basic elements that you will need to master before you even try to write a TOEFL essay.The first element that you will need to work with is the length of the essay sample. This may seem like an odd choice, but you will see that many professional organizations will encourage their members to use these short articles. This can be an important aspect for any student to consider, especially if you want to make sure that you are able to pass the test. However, if you take too long, then you will become less skilled at writing essays and also less successful at getting a job after you graduate.You will need to include a brief introduction to your essay. This can be as s imple as stating the topic of your essay and the reason why you chose to write this particular piece. The introduction should not go into great detail but you should at least cover the subject area well enough to let your reader know what you will be covering. In fact, you should make it a point to give your readers as much information as possible so that you can highlight your strengths and you can at least compare your strengths with those of other participants on the test.You will need to work with what is called an outline in order to get the most out of your essay. This can be very simple. It is important that you include all of the information that you need to include in order to make sure that you do not forget any of it. This is particularly true if you choose to list what you intend to write in an appendix at the end of your essay. In fact, you will want to make it a point to include all of the major sections of your essay in an appendix.The final thing that you will need t o do is to know what part of your TOEFL essay sample you will use in order to compare your strengths with other participants. You will also want to make sure that you get all of the major areas covered. You may find that this means leaving out sections of your sample altogether or you may find that you need to rework your essay into one that you are more confident in. The decision will be up to you.

Cognitive Behavior Therapy and Eating Disorders essays

Cognitive Behavior Therapy and Eating Disorders essays Cognitive Behavior Therapy and Eating Disorders Fairburn et al. argue that an extreme need to control eating is a central feature of Anorexia nervosa, and that in Western societies a tendency to judge self worth in terms of shape and weight is superimposed on this need for self control, (1999). The DSM IV diagnostic criteria for AN includes the refusal or inability to maintain body weight over a minimum normal weight for age and height, e.g. weight loss leading to maintenance of body weight 15 percent below that expected. Intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat even though underweight is also a characteristic seen in AN patients. The DSM IV also states that in females, absence of at least three consecutive menstrual cycles when otherwise expected to occur is a diagnostic criteria as well. Use of cognitive behavioral therapy is often the most productive, (Hoffman, 1993). Cognitive behavior therapists focus on changing eating behaviors usually by rewarding or modeling wanted behavior. These therapists also help patients work to change the distorted and rigid thinking patterns associated with eating disorders, (Hoffman, 1993). The American Institute for Cognitive Therapy believes that by combining cognitive, behavioral, and nutritional interventions, many people with eating disorders may be helped significantly in gaining greater control over eating and in reducing their depression and anxiety. Kleifield et al. propose that the rationale for treatments are based on two primary assumptions about the anorectic condition: a) that An develops as a way of coping with life stresses, and b) AN develops into a self- sustaining food phobia. CBT techniques are therefore aimed at confronting the patients fears and avoidance behaviors, identifying the patients areas of deficient problem solving skills, particularly in the interpersonal realm, and cultivating ...

How to Apply for Food Stamps

How to Apply for Food Stamps For over 40 years, the federal Food Stamp Program, now officially named SNAP - the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program - has served as a mainline federal social assistance program designed to help low-income families and individuals buy the food they need for good health. The SNAP (Food Stamp) program now helps put nutritious food on the tables of 28 million people every month. Are You Eligible for SNAP Food Stamps? Eligibility for SNAP food stamps depends on the applicant households resources and income. Household resources include things like bank accounts and vehicles. However, certain resources are NOT counted, such as a home and lot, Supplemental Security Income (SSI), the resources of people who receive Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF, formerly AFDC), and most retirement plans. In general, individuals who work for low wages, are unemployed or work part-time, receive public assistance, are elderly or disabled and have a small income, or are homeless may be eligible for food stamps.The fastest way to find out if your household is eligible for SNAP food stamps is to use the online SNAP Eligibility Pre-screening tool. How and Where to Apply for SNAP Food Stamps While SNAP is a federal government program, it is run by state or local agencies. You can apply for SNAP food stamps at any local SNAP office or Social Security office. If you are unable to go to the local office, you may have another person, called an authorized representative, apply and be interviewed on your behalf. You must designate the authorized representative in writing. In addition, some state SNAP program offices now allow online applications.Normally the applicant must file an application form, have a face-to-face interview, and provide proof (verification) of certain information, such as income and expenses. The office interview may be waived if the applicant is unable to appoint an authorized representative and no household member is able to go to the office because of age or disability. If the office interview is waived, the local office will interview you by telephone or do a home visit. What to Bring When You Apply for Food Stamps? Some things you may need when you apply for SNAP food stamps include: If You Are Employed: Last four pay stubs or a letter from employer stating gross and net wages for the past month.If You are Unemployed: Proof that your employment was terminated. Also identification and claim cards for unemployment benefits.Proof of Household Resources: Bring all savings account passbooks (including parents children). Bring all checking account books in addition to your last checking account statement and canceled checks. All stocks, bonds, savings certificates, annuity funds and credit union membership, etc. must be reported and verified.Proof of Income: Bring a copy of income tax return for past year. If you are self-employed, a profit and loss statement for the current calendar quarter is required.College Students: Bring proof of education expenses (tuition) and proof of income (loans, scholarships, contributions, earnings).Social Security Number(s): Bring the Social Security number for each member of your household. If a member of your household does not have a Social Security number, your food stamp certifier will assist you in obtaining one. No More Paper Coupons: About the SNAP Food Stamp EBT Card The familiar multi-colored food stamp coupons have now been phased out. SNAP food stamp benefits are now delivered on SNAP EBT (Electronic Balance Transfer) cards which work like bank debit cards. In order to complete a transaction, the customer swipes the card in a point-of-sale device (POS) and enters a four digit Personal Identification Number (PIN). The store clerk enters the exact amount of the purchase on the POS device. This amount is deducted from the households EBT SNAP account. SNAP EBT cards can be used in any authorized store in the United States regardless of the state it was issued, except in Puerto Rico and Guam. Stores stopped accepting paper food stamp coupons on June 17, 2009.Lost, stolen or damaged SNAP EBT cards can be replaced by contacting the state SNAP office. What You Can and Cannot Buy SNAP food stamp benefits can only be used to buy food and for plants and seeds to grow food for your household to eat. SNAP benefits cannot be used to buy: Any nonfood item, such as pet foods; soaps, paper products, and household supplies; grooming items, toothpaste, and cosmeticsAlcoholic beverages and tobaccoVitamins and medicinesAny food that will be eaten in the storeHot foods The SNAP program requires stores to carry a certain number of â€Å"staple† foods- meat, dairy, grain, fruit, and vegetable items.   Trump Moves to Expand List of Allowed Staple Foods On April 5, 2019, the Donald Trump administration proposed a new federal regulation adding canned spray cheese, beef jerky, lemon juice, and pimiento-stuffed olives to the list of staple foods approved for SNAP purchase. The U.S. Department of Agriculture stated the change would save SNAP grocery vendors money â€Å"under the revised minimum stocking requirements for staple foods.† Under the proposed rule, stores could stock up to six fewer staple items, resulting in a savings of about $500 per store over a period of five years. According to the Federal Register notice of the proposed rule, canned spray cheese would qualify as a dairy product staple, beef jerky as a meat, poultry or fish staple, and lemon juice and jarred pimiento-stuffed olives would qualify as staple fruits and vegetables. Do You Have to Be Employed to Get Food Stamps? Most SNAP participants who can work, do work. The law requires all SNAP recipients to meet work requirements unless they are exempt because of age or disability or another specific reason. More than 65% of all SNAP recipients are non-working children, seniors, or disabled persons. Some working SNAP recipients are classified as Able-Bodied Adult Without Dependents or ABAWDs. In addition to the general work requirements, ABAWDs are required meet special work requirements in order to maintain their eligibility. The ABAWD Time Limit ABAWDs are persons between the ages of 18 and 49 who have no dependents and are not disabled. ABAWDs can only get SNAP benefits for 3 months during any 3 year period if they do not meet certain special work requirements.​ In order to remain eligible beyond the time limit, ABAWDs must work at least 80 hours per month, participate in qualifying education and training activities at least 80 hours per month, or participate in an unpaid state-approved workfare program. ABAWDs can also meet the work requirement by taking part in a SNAP Employment and Training Program. The ABAWD time limit does not apply to people who are unable to work due to physical or mental health reasons, pregnant, care for a child or incapacitated family member, or are exempt from the general work requirements. For More Information If you would like more information, the USDAs Food and Nutrition Service offers an extensive Questions and Answers Web page on the SNAP food stamp program.

Mental Health Incident Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Mental Health Incident - Essay Example The Driscoll model shall be used as the reflection tool for this paper. Body: Driscoll reflective model What? A description of the event The purpose in returning to this situation is to review my actions and to evaluate whether or not these actions were in accordance with the standards of the practice. I also returned to this situation in order to establish areas of improvement and to evaluate how well I performed in the actual clinical setting. During one of my shifts in my mental health placement, I encountered an aggressive patient, who shall be referred to as Mr. Y, in order to protect his identity and maintain patient confidentiality. He was a 22 year old male patient diagnosed recently with schizophrenia. When I first approached him, he was very wary and nervous. I initially introduced myself to him and maintained a comfortable distance of about 4 feet. He was sitting on a stool looking angrily at anyone who approached him. His medication was due and I was tasked with administe ring it. Accompanied by my mentor, I approached the patient, introduced myself and said that his oral medication was due and I was there to help him take it. As I was talking, I noted that he was on the verge of aggression so I kept a safe distance from him. I waited for him to respond, but then he suddenly stood up and tried to lunge at me. I stepped away from him before he could grab me and my mentor and the other staff nurses immediately grabbed him before he could inflict any physical harm. The staff told me to proceed in giving him the medication. Since, it was an oral medication, it was difficult to administer as he clenched his jaw and tried to bite off my fingers. With some assistance from the staff members I was able to administer the medication. After the incident, he was immediately restrained and strapped to the bed. During the incident, I observed that I physically prepared myself for a possible attack from an aggressive patient, and that based on the quick response of the staff and my mentor, they were also expecting aggression from the patient. They also sensed possible aggression based on the demeanour of the patient before the incident. The assistance which was given to me during the incident was very much welcome because I would not have been able to handle the aggressive patient on my own. The main element I observed in the situation is the period of escalation from a possibly aggressive patient. The study by Beech and Leather (2003) indicate that the escalation of aggression can often be observed from the patient’s demeanour, his failure to cooperate with the staff and then finally his actual physical act of aggression. Dunn and colleagues (2007) discuss that there may be various interventions which could have been done to de-escalate his aggression and prevent the actual act of aggression. Dunn, et.al., (2007) also point out that the act of physically restraining the patient is often commonly used for these aggressive patients. Chem ical restraints could have been administered however, the staff explained that chemical restraints might not interact well with his current medications. Melillo and Houde (2011) discuss the chemical restraints administered alongside psychopharmacological drugs can have adverse interactions and can cause further agitation and confusion. Stewart, et.al., (2009) also discuss that maintaining a therapeutic distance from mental health patients is crucial in the protection of one’

Single party states and rise to power and origins of the cold war Essay

Single party states and rise to power and origins of the cold war - Essay Example Hitler used the vacuum caused by the demise of the Weimar Republic to gain an electoral majority for the Nazi Party in 1933. One of the most important events in his rise to authority was his rejection of the idea of seizing power through violence after the disastrous Munich Putsch in the 1920’s. (Britannica) Unusual for a man that would eventually become a dictator, Hitler worked within the legitimate political system of his time to win power democratically, and then to quickly consolidate that power into an absolutist one-party state through isolated, symbolic acts of violence (such as the burning of the Reichstag) in order to create a paranoia that he could exploit. The organizational and administrative structure of the Nazi Party, together with Hitler’s well-documented ability to virtually hypnotize individuals, Party and country within a cult of personality and the still mysterious willingness of the German people to accept what appear on face-value to be ludicrous ideas led to the creation of the one-party, Nazi state. One might easily argue that Hitler’s greatest ‘success’ (judged by his perverse standards) was his managing to lead the German people from the baiting of Jews in the early 1930’s to the implementation of the Final Solution in the last four years of WWII. Unlike other leaders, who use a ‘divide-and-rule’ strategy to gain power through conjuring a hatred of the ‘Other’, Hitler gained power in order to be able to destroy that other. The hatred of Jews was not a means to an end, but the end that Hitler always had in mind. The Holocaust was not a sudden occurrence, but rather a slowly developing continuum of increasingly extreme acts that eventually led to mass-murder. Hitler’s greatest success was in convincing a large portion of the German people to at least passively accept what was occurring, if not actually openly help in the effort. (Goldhagen) All other

The Tempest Is A Play About The Power And Dangers Of Creativity :: essays research papers

The Tempest is a play about the power and dangers of creativity. Discuss. "From beginning to end the play-write gives prominence to the problems of dominion, freedom, political failure and of repetition." Like Russ Mc Donald I also believe that Shakespeare devoted his last comedy largely to the exploration of the shapes and effects that possession and the search for power can have on persons. The Tempest's central character, Prospero, is also crucial to this interpretation. His unique magical gifts give him undefeatable power to wreak vengeance on his enemies. It is a position fraught with dangers both for him and for others. But he is not the only veichel. Entwined with this wizard's inventive qualities are questions over what can only be called, by a modern reader as the theme of colonialism in the play which pervades the minds of all the 'civilised' Italians; Caliban and Miranda are the two primary victims of this patriarchal society. One must also make a note of the motif of usurpation in the play and recognise its interesting implications. Shakespeare initiates a mood of danger and imagination from the off, as the play begins with the great tempest which threatens to bring the sailors to their doom. The tempest we also find out was the intention of Prospero rather than the will of nature thus immediately establishing Prospero as a character with unusual powers but with severe possibilities, this is highlighted by the juxtaposition of the pleading Miranda who says†¦.. This is not the only time in the play where she plays this role, when Ferdinand falls in love with Miranda Prospero treats him harshly and Miranda's leaps to his defence while telling Ferdinand †¦.. Her we see the danger that Propero's magic combined with his nature can prove too much for some. But there is more danger ahead as we shall see.