How Supply Chain Improvement Strategy Will Benefit Overall Business Performance - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 1968 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? 4.1 Assess how is supply chain improvement strategy will benefit overall business performance in an organization 4.1.1 REDUCED STOCKHOLDING When we buy stock for production or sale, we need to pay 3 types cost. First is the price of material. 2nd is its carrying cost and 3rd is its holding cost. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "How Supply Chain Improvement Strategy Will Benefit Overall Business Performance" essay for you Create order But holding cost is very important all of these costs. Holding price means the cost which we pay for keeping our inventory. If we will purchase unnecessary stock, we need bigger store and more attention. So, holding cost will be big. For e.g., we have ten branches in which we business gold jewellery. We know the price of gold is increasing and not remain constant. If we keep unimportant stock of Gold, we have to store somewhere safely. So, we have to face more holding cost. 4.1.2 ELIMINATION OF WASTE Best organizations strive to upgrade a production network which abatements waste and exercises that donapos;t straightforwardly include esteem. This might be accomplished through creating incline production network administration systems. One system that could be quickly actualized is the utilization of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) to institutionalize business methodologies including records payable/receivable, request transforming, warehousing, logistics and stock administration. The trade of electronic information might be coordinated with various in-house frameworks, to either supplant or upgrade their current usefulness making procedures more effective. 4.1.3 IMPROVED CUSTOMER SERVICE Give all your workers phenomenal item learning. At the point when everybody in your organization can go about as help, clients can get their inquiries addressed expeditiously. Sparing your clients a call to the help work area goes far to making them cheerful. Train workers in client compassion. Client connections are enthusiastic trades and additionally truthful ones, so give your workers the devices to impart a blissful clientapos;s energy or lessen a disappointed clientapos;s pressure. At the point when your staffs parts make clients feel positively listened to and not essentially listened, client fulfillment climbs. You can attempt demonstrated techniques which have prompted better client sympathy in call focuses. Assemble foundation that backings incredible client administration. That implies offering ticket following, streamlined self improvement choices on your site and call-backs rather than protracted hold times. Clients see finding a following numbe r or perusing regularly made inquiries as less exertion than calling a client forethought focus, so offering these choices expands fulfillment. 4.1.4 REDUCED LABOUR COST An excess of little entrepreneurs consider representatives as a trouble and a huge cost. In spite of the fact that work and worker pay rates are a noteworthy part to any little business plan, they are still important to the achievement of the organization. Appreciatively, there are approaches to decrease work expenses and stay with your developing and fruitful. Stay away from Overtime Additional time could be a substantial work trouble. Paying 1-1/2 to 2 times the normal hourly rate can include rapidly, particularly in times of overwhelming generation. Cutting work costs by decreasing extra minutes for non-absolved representatives is a decent method. Read underneath to discover approaches to avoid extra minutes. Employ Temp Help It is normal in a lot of people little organizations to have top times of business generation. A retail claim to fame store may have enlarged hours and need more workers throughout the year-end occasions. An attire creator business may require additional help to create summer styles. Whatever your need, you can look to employment organizations to help cut work costs. Why contract a full-time or even low maintenance representative when you just need additional help at sure times of the year? Temp help is an extraordinary approach to decrease work expenses and keep your generation or deals going solid. Use Technology Engineering can help you in cutting work costs too. Machines can mechanize numerous assignments that may require an unnecessary manual hand. Supplies can significantly diminish creation time and expenses, particularly for certain substantial work occupations. Indeed essentially workstation programming can upgrade and enhance venture administration and work processes with the goal that increasingly accomplishes with less work. 4.1.5 IMPROVED MANUFACTURING PLANNING Viable arranging relies on a sound understanding of key exercises that ambitious people and business directors ought to apply to the arranging procedure. Here are a few cases: Conjecture market desires To arrange adequately you will need to gauge potential deals with some unwavering quality. Most organizations donapos;t have firm deals or administration figures. Notwithstanding, they can gauge deals focused around recorded data, business patterns and/or built requests. Stock control Dependable stock levels bolstering the pipeline must be created and a sound stock framework ought to be set up. Accessibility of supplies and human assets Otherwise called open time, this is the time of time permitted between methodologies with the goal that all requests stream inside your creation line or administration. Creation arranging helps you oversee open time, guaranteeing it is generally used, while being mindful so as not to make delays. Arranging ought to amplify your operational limit however not surpass it. Itapos;s likewise insightful not to get ready for full limit and leave space for the surprising necessities and changes that may emerge. Institutionalized steps and time Regularly, the most effective intends to focus your creation steps is to guide forms in the request that they happen and afterward fuse the normal time it took to finish the work. Keep in mind that all steps donapos;t happen in grouping and that numerous may happen in the meantime. In the wake of finishing a procedure map, you will see to what extent it will take to finish the whole process. Where work is rehashed or comparable, it is best to institutionalize the work and time included. Record comparative exercises for future utilize and use them as a benchmark to build future routings and times. This will accelerate your arranging process altogether. Throughout the procedure guide stage, you may distinguish waste. You can utilize operational productivity/lean assembling standards to dispose of waste 4.1.5 JUST IN TIME The guideline that underpins JIT is that generation ought to be apos;pulled throughapos; as opposed to apos;pushed throughapos;. This implies that generation ought to be for particular client requests, so that the creation cycle begins just once a client has put in a request with the maker. Stocks are conveyed when they are required. Thus, this methodology obliges substantially more successive conveyance of stocks. Creating a JIT methodology obliges refined arranging and significant encounter in this field. This is the reason heading organizations contract out their production network administration to an authority organization like Exel with respectable knowledge of this zone. In the nick of time is the key component in what is termed lean creation. Incline generation is a logic and a method for working including taking out all types of waste (where waste is characterized as anything that does not include esteem in the creation process and store network). Assess the method to overcome barriers in an organization when implementing a supply chain improvement strategy Inappropriate distribution network Since a lot of people little organizations fail to offer the assets to contract, prepare, and direct their deals powers, deals executors and intermediaries are a typical circulation channel. A lot of people little organizations transfer their yield to an operator, who may offer it to different wholesalers, one substantial wholesaler, or various retail outlets. Along these lines, an operator may furnish the little business with access to channels it would not overall have had. Besides, since most operators deal with a commission premise, the expense of offers drops when the level of offers drops, which gives little organizations some measure of security against financial downturns. At the point when selecting an executor, a business person ought to search for one who has experience with fancied channels and additionally with nearly relatedmdash;however not focused item Trade-offs in logistical activity REDUCTION OF TRANSPORTATION COST Supply fastens may need to create procedures to spare cash keeping in mind the end goal to check climbing transportation and fuel costs. Supply ties can discover approaches to cut expenses by looking at their short of what truckload (LTL) rates. Bringing down transportation expenses can help organizations lessen different logistics costs, as indicated by Logistics Quarterly. Facilitating transportation with stock and merchant methods can make a production network more proficient while reinforcing the relationship between a business and its clients. The Journal of Commerce proposes that organizations can create a methodology to expand the rate at which stock makes a trip to its objective without expanding the LTL rate. Speedier transport times imply that organizations can deliver more stock at a snappier pace. This may likewise permit organizations to farthest point the measure of security stock in a shipment. INCREASED INVENTORY HOLDING COST The related cost of putting away stock or stakes that stay unsold. Holding expenses are a significant part of store network administration, since organizations must figure out the amount of an item to keep in stock. This speaks to an open door cost, as the vicinity of the merchandise implies that they are not being sold while that cash could be sent somewhere else. Also, holding expenses incorporate the expenses of merchandise being harmed or ruined about whether and the general expenses, for example, space, work and other immediate costs. On the off chance that a business overestimates the amount of an item to buy and is not able to rapidly offer it, then the organization will need to store the item. With constrained storage room, putting away one item makes an open door cost on the grounds that the business can not store as much of different items. Furthermore, over buying may likewise leave an organization putting away an item that shoppers no more need. POOR INVENTORY MANAGEMENT Stock is a standout amongst the most important possessions an organization claims. Nonetheless, the individuals who oversee and work distribution centers must comprehend that. A typical purpose behind poor stock control is a complicated and wasteful appropriation focus. Representatives basically place stock in whatever open space is accessible as opposed to taking after a typical arrangement of association and following in-house stock. Disrupted stock prompts postpones and wastefulness in recovering things and delivery them to clients or retailers. CASH FLOW PROBLEM A firm is ruined when it gets not able to reach its budgetary liabilities and, however this is not so much the same as having money stream issues, there is typically a nearby association between the two. Business money stream issues open the entryway for various different issues which can prompt formal bankruptcy incidents unless you look for assistance from expert indebtedness masters at the soonest fortune. Youapos;ll have to be straightforward with yourself and face up to figures before you it may be simply an interim issue that can undoubtedly be determined, or perhaps youapos;ve been willfully ignorant and there are not kidding underlying issues which will make radical moves to safeguard the business. When an organization starts encountering money stream issues the greatest stress for executives is continuously confronted with a slowing down request by leasers which implies your organization might conceivably be a matter of days from liquidation. There are a few distinc tive routes in which money stream may be enhanced, for example, by expanding wage, enhancing overall revenues or by lessening the obligation reimbursements to banks through transactions. Accordingly, in case youapos;re not able to expand wage regardless of your earnest attempts and you canapos;t bear to pay off your bills and obligations, then the main remaining choice for protecting your business from indebtedness is to approach your banks and HMRC with some sort of installment arrangement proposal to start the course to recuperation

Anjalique Raghunauth. Mr. Maclachlan. Eng3Uo. January 20Th,

Anjalique Raghunauth Mr. MacLachlan ENG3UO January 20th, 2017 Written Report Exposition The story opens with the main character, Okonkwo, a wealthy farmer, who is known for being a brave and honourable man. As well as one of the best and greatest wrestlers, that lives in Umuofia Village, Nigeria, around 1890. Growing up Okonkwo hated his father’s laziness and used it as his motivation to push through and become one of the greatest wrestlers. Using his motivations, he approached Nwakibie (a rich villager), to borrow yam seeds and start his own plantation. That year was a year of disasters for his crops but Okonkwo still vowed to survive and accomplish is goals. As part of a punishment for another tribe, they had to give a virgin girl†¦show more content†¦If it wasn’t for Uchendu, preventing Okonkwo from hurting his son, he would have been dead. So, instead of killing him, he disowns his son and hosts a feast for Uchendu and his family, in gratitude. Upon returning to Umuofia, he discusses the missionaries and people converting to Christianity with Obierika. During this time he becomes more and more passive, watching and lamenting the coming of the missionaries. His rage results in him taking violent action, even to the point of killing the missionaries, but never went through with it Instead he and his followers burnt the church down. To discuss the events that occurred, a meeting was called by the District Commissioner, requesting Okonkwo to be there. Walking into the meeting, Okonkwo and five other clan members were ambushed. Resulting in the arrest of Okonkwo. Climax In prison, he is singled out and beaten, and vowed his revenge upon his release. His vow leads him to kill the smug Christian messenger. Okonkwo shows that he is ready to fight or die for his culture. While the rest of the village is split in half, on their decisions on going to war. Falling Action The falling action is the death of Okonkwo and the decision the clan made not doing anything. Okonkwo’s death was mainly because of himself, he couldn’t deal with the drastic changes and kills himself, leaving his body to be found. Character Okonkwo being

The United States Became an Industrial Power Free Essays

The United States became an industrial power by tapping North America’s vast natural resources, including minerals, lumber and coal, particularly in the newly developed west. Industries that had once depended on waterpower began to use prodigious amounts of coal. Steam engines replaced human and animal labor, and kerosene replaced whale oil and wood. We will write a custom essay sample on The United States Became an Industrial Power or any similar topic only for you Order Now By 1900, America’s factories and urban homes were converting to electric power. Dependence on fossil fuels (oil, coal, natural gas), which powered machines of unprecedented speed and strength, transformed both the economy and the country’s natural and built environments. What is vertical integration? Vertical integration is a business model in which one company controlled all aspects of production from raw materials to finished goods. Once his engineers designed a cooling system, swift invested in a fleet of refrigerator cars and constructed a packing plant near Chicago’s stockyards. What is horizontal integration? Horizontal integration is a strategy pioneered by Rockefeller. Like swift he pressured competitors through predatory pricing, but when he had driven them to failure, he invited rivals to merge their companies into his conglomerate. The roles the government played in this story were in an effort to attract corporate headquarters to its state, New Jersey broke ranks in 1889, by passing a law that permitted the creation of holding companies and other corporate combinations. Despite reformers’ efforts, a huge wave of mergers in the 1890s further concentrated corporate power. By 1900, America’s largest one hundred companies controlled a third of the nation’s productive capacity. Such familiar firms as DuPont, Eastman Kodak, and singer had assumed dominant places in their respective industries. The immense power of these corporations would henceforth be a recurring political concern. Roles that the government could have played but didn’t was that distressed by the development of near monopolies, reformers began to denounce â€Å"the trusts† and that some states outlawed trusts as a legal form. The nineteenth century’s industrial philosophy dates, actually, from Adam Smith’s â€Å"The Wealth of Nations†, published in 1776. This is really the â€Å"capitalist bible† in which the notion that greed has a socially useful role is first popularly put forward. It also puts forward the notion of the â€Å"invisible hand† that guides the market to improve the standard of living of everyone, without regard to the actual intentions of its participants. This is the â€Å"magic of the marketplace† many capitalists are so fond of referring to. But, by the late nineteenth century, these concepts of Adam Smith had been distorted and fused, to some extent, with the ideas of Charles Darwin about evolution. This led to the extremely pernicious and largely discredited concept of â€Å"Social Darwinism†, related to Nazism, in the twentieth century. Social Darwinists believe that only those who are socially successful and powerful should have the right to survive, and that providing assistance and support to the â€Å"weak† is, actually, antisocial. According to this view, society can only progress if the â€Å"strong† exploit, suppress and, eventually, destroy the â€Å"weak†. The factors that I don’t really agree with are the Ideas of social Darwinism. I don’t think that the strong should not help the weak because what if were the strongest person in the world with the most money and were at the top and we refuse to help someone who is at the bottom like the very bottom were in there’s no more down only way is up at that point say we become the weak party and them the strong party what if we need the help they need and the refuse us that help because we believe in social Darwinism as an whole and we didn’t help them reach the top when we were up there so why should they help us. Industrialism changed the nature of work and in many respects caused an uneven distribution of power Among interest groups in American society. Industrial workers were employees rather than producers, And repeating specialized tasks made them feel like appendages to machines. The emphasis on quantity Rather than quality further dehumanized the workplace. These factors, in addition to the increased Power of the employer, reduced the independence and self-respect of workers, but worker resistance only led employers to tighten restrictions. Industrialism also brought more women and children into the labor force. Although job opportunities Opened for women, most women went into low-paying clerical jobs, and sex discrimination continued in the workplace. Employers also attempted to cut wage costs by hiring more children. Although a few States passed child-labor laws, such laws were difficult to enforce and employers generally opposed State interference in their hiring practices. Effective child-labor legislation would not come until the Twentieth century. As the nature of work changed, workers began to protest low wages, the attitude of employers, the hazards of the workplace, and the absence of disability insurance and pensions. The effectiveness of Legislation designed to redress these grievances was usually limited by conservative Supreme Court Rulings Out of frustration, some workers began to participate in unions and in organized resistance. Unionization efforts took various directions. The Knights of Labor tried to ally all workers by creating Producer and consumer cooperatives; the American Federation of Labor strove to organize skilled Workers to achieve pragmatic objectives; and the Industrial Workers of the World attempted to Overthrow capitalist society. The railroad strikes of 1877, the Haymarket riot, and the Homestead and Pullman strikes were all marked by violence, and they exemplified labor’s frustration as well as its active and organized resistance. Government intervention against the strikers convinced many workers Of the imbalance of interest groups in American society, whereas the middle class began to connect organized working-class resistance with radicalism. Although this perception was by and large Mistaken, middle-class fear of social upheaval became an additional force against organized labor. Not only did industrialization affect the nature of work, it also produced a myriad of products that affected the everyday lives of Americans. As America became a consumer-oriented society, most of its Citizens faced living costs that rose faster than wages. Consequently, many people could not take advantage of the new goods and services being offered. But, as noted above, more women and children Became part of the paid labor force. Although many did so out of necessity, others hoped that the Additional income would allow the family to participate in the consumer society. The Nativists didn’t take too kind to the wave of new immigrants. The reason most industrial workers put up with the difficult conditions of their work because factory owners, especially those involved in the steel industry and in the coal mine industry, often would build company towns. Workers were given cheap rent in these towns to go along with their low wages. In essence the worker was trapped. The company town afforded him a place to live and without the job he couldn’t live there. How to cite The United States Became an Industrial Power, Essay examples

Consumer Behavior in Tourism for Paradigms -myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theConsumer Behavior in Tourism Models for Paradigms. Answer: Introduction Consumer behavior incorporates certain activities, decisions or experiences which satisfy the needs of the consumers. It concerns all the activities which incorporate consuming, obtaining and product disposing that precedes and carry out these actions (Darling, 2015) . The Consumer behavior remains one of the important areas for research in the tourism and marketing fields in terms of travel behavior or the behavior of tourist (Rid, Ezeuduji Prbstl-Haider 2014). There are a few comprehensive literature reviews on the behavior of consumer typically described his injurious area with the help of the existing models or concepts of Consumer Behavior. There are exceptions in the insights of the authors who give review about the psychological and social influence on the travel behavior of individual who aimed at developing a model of the behavior of tourism. Discussion The lacking of the comprehensive views is not only due to the extensive breadth of the area of topic, also it involves the behavior of travel which is regarded as an ongoing process which stages which are inter correlated and the concepts which cannot be separately analyzed (Rid, Ezeuduji Prbstl-Haider 2014). The proposed model based on conceptual develops link between concepts, research and influences in terms of context (Antn, Camarero Laguna-Garca 2017). .. Innovation has been made constrained with the applications of methods, models or paradigms and the systematic methods which are taken from the other disciplines without questioning their applications in tourism.The Plogs model classifies tourism into three important categories which is Allocentric, Psychocentric, Midcentric (Cheng Wu., 2015). In terms of Tour package, an allocentric would always like to have basics such as hotels, transportations, but not committed to framed structure of itinerary. The tourists would have the privilege to discover area, make certain arrangements and selects varieties of activities and attractions for tourists (Xiang, Magnini Fesenmaier 2015).. The Psycho centrictourists are a type of tourist which is usually not adventurous. They prefer to return to their similar travel destinations, where they can relax and know what types of activities and food can be expected. Midcentury: The category of tourists who falls between the above mentioned types of tourists. There are factors which are affecting the consumer behavior in Tourism are Safety and mature consumers, Web, Pricing and tourism studies. Web is considered one of the important factors, which have been argued by the authors about its importance in terms of the its influencing acknowledgement. Web: The fast growth of the internet changed the process of people searching information about tourism and hospitality services (Rid, Ezeuduji Prbstl-Haider 2014). The knowledge of the product, familiarity or expertise, seems to influence the information of the travelers search activities (Antn, Camarero Laguna-Garca 2017). The influence of the access of multi-channel on the process of the decision making process of consumer was discussed by different authors. In a study based on cross cultural of the visitors of German and Japanese to the United States of America, depicts that avoidance based on uncertainty as a cultural based dimension influences the information of the consumer including the choices of channels. Mature and Safety Consumers: After 9/11, the environmental safety and security have raised the topic of interest. While the difference in cross cultural area exits in the perceptions of the consumers of the services in airline, some authors showed that giving assurance, including the concerns for safety is regarded as the most crucial dimension for the quality services among the foreign travelers. The aging of population is regarded as a significant shift in demography in todays western world (Rid, Ezeuduji Prbstl-Haider 2014). Pricing studies: The asymmetric effects of negative and positive deviations on quality, value and price were examined thoroughly. The authors discusses about the utilization of hedonic pricing while estimating the willingness of the consumers in order to pay more for the accommodations for breakfast and bed types (Antn, Camarero Laguna-Garca 2017). However, there is also opinion identified paradoxical attitude and behaviors of the gamblers are based on their activity of gambling whereas, the disabled people served as a sample for the effectiveness of the agents of travel in the place Hong Kong. The authors while describing the consumer behavior have as well come up with the psychological factors which play important role while determining the taste of the consumers (Antn, Camarero Laguna-Garca 2017). Motivation: For many tourists, Tourism is a process of giving satisfaction to their psychological needs which incorporate performing the leisure activities, traveling, discovering the novelty, self- assurance and need for relaxation. The motivation encourages the tourists to take rewards which are intangible in nature Cheng Wu., 2015). Perceptions: There are different motivational factors that influence the behavior of the consumers or the tourists. There are also several types of motivation and one among them is that of intrinsic motivation (Cheng Wu., 2015). The behavior of different tourists is different based on their way of perception of the concept of tourism. Intrinsic motivation is something that is related to the emotional fronts of the consumers (Cantallops Salvi., 2014). It is something that makes the tourists select tourism for various intangible rewards like fun, assurance and other emotional needs (Cohen, Prayag, Moital, 2014). The tourists develop their perception of a particular tourist spot based on the knowledge that they gather by observing or listening about that particular place. Belief Beliefs and notions about a certain tourist spot is formed by the listening and observations of the consumers or the tourists. Apart from this the pre defined social and cultural beliefs also play major role in the consumer behavior (Cantallops Salvi., 2014). Attitudes The tourists develop their perception of a particular tourist spot based on the knowledge that they gather by observing or listening about that particular place. The thought and psyche of the tourists also play a major role towards motivation in tourism (Cheng Wu., 2015). Satisfaction The satisfaction of different tourists is different, based on their age, psyche and several other such factors. Extrinsic motivation also plays a major role in motivation towards tourism. A tourist also gets motivated by external factors like the income of the consumers. Family structure and age of the family members also plays a major role. Another important factor is the cultural and social class of the tourists (Antn, Camarero Laguna-Garca 2017). The buyer decision process As far as the tourism sector is concerned, the buyer decision process depends on the attitudes, perceptions, beliefs, income of the consumers. It is usually influenced by the energisers of tourism that is why the tourists are undertaking the travel (Cantallops Salvi., 2014). The different ideas that tourists have developed about different tourist spots also plays a major role. Family structure also is a very important aspect determining the consumer decision process. The psyche and the role of that family, member who is normally involved in all the purchase process also influences the final decision in a major way (Cohen, Prayag, Moital, 2014). Market segmentation It is thus the duty of the different tourism companies to target the consumers based on their age, income statues, socio economic status, the type of travel the co summers are interested in(business, leisure, extended stay etc.) Market positioning The tourism companies have to carry on their advertising keeping in mind the taste and preferences of the consumers. Apart from this, the income level of consumers and the price of the different designations also are to be taken into consideration (Cohen, Prayag, Moital, 2014).. Conclusion It can be stated that consumer behavior carries importance in the tourism sector and the hospitality markets need to take into consideration about the consumer behavior which changes with time and with the development of the market segmentation, the tourism sectors needs to understand the taste and preferences of the consumers. References Antn, C., Camarero, C., Laguna-Garca, M. (2017). Towards a new approach of destination loyalty drivers: Satisfaction, visit intensity and tourist motivations.Current Issues in Tourism,20(3), 238-260. Cantallops, A. S., Salvi, F. (2014). New consumer behavior: A review of research on eWOM and hotels.International Journal of Hospitality Management,36, 41-51. Cantallops, A. S., Salvi, F. (2014). New consumer behavior: A review of research on eWOM and hotels.International Journal of Hospitality Management,36, 41-51. Cheng, T. M., Wu, H. C. (2015). How do environmental knowledge, environmental sensitivity, and place attachment affect environmentally responsible behavior? An integrated approach for sustainable island tourism.Journal of Sustainable Tourism,23(4), 557-576. Cohen, S. A., Prayag, G., Moital, M. (2014). Consumer behaviour in tourism: Concepts, influences and opportunities.Current Issues in Tourism,17(10), 872-909. Cohen, S. A., Prayag, G., Moital, M. (2014). Consumer behaviour in tourism: Concepts, influences and opportunities.Current Issues in Tourism,17(10), 872-909. Darling, R. M. (2015).Startups in Small Summer Tourism Markets: Maintaining Stability in the Slower Winter Months(Doctoral dissertation). Li, X., Li, X. R., Hudson, S. (2013). The application of generational theory to tourism consumer behavior: An American perspective.Tourism Management,37, 147-164. Rid, W., Ezeuduji, I. O., Prbstl-Haider, U. (2014). Segmentation by motivation for rural tourism activities in The Gambia.Tourism Management,40, 102-116. Xiang, Z., Magnini, V. P., Fesenmaier, D. R. (2015). Information technology and consumer behavior in travel and tourism: Insights from travel planning using the internet.Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services,22, 244-249.